The promise and peril of AI for people with disabilities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9732/2025.V130.1294Resumo
Objective: To critically analyze the dual impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on people with disabilities, exploring both its potential for inclusion and the risk of perpetuating systemic discrimination (ableism). Method:This study employs a qualitative, literature based methodology. It analyzes foundational concepts from disability studies (e.g., the social model, techno-ableism), examines case studies of assistive and potentially biased AI technologies, and reviews the international regulatory framework, focusing on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the EU's AI Act. Result: The analysis reveals that while AI offers significant opportunities for enhancing accessibility, it also presents substantial risks. Algorithmic bias, flawed conceptions of "fairness," and the reinforcement of normative standards can create new digital barriers, deepening the marginalization of individuals with functional diversity. The emerging regulatory frameworks, like the AI Act, represent a crucial step towards mitigating these risks but require robust implementation and the active participation of the disability community. Conclusion: Technology is not neutral. To realize the inclusive promise of AI, a paradigm shift from a "design for" to a "design with" approach is an ethical imperative, ensuring technology serves as a tool for liberation, not a new form of automated control.
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